CST電動車EMC模擬(十)——電動車母排(Busbar)電磁及熱模擬

母排,也稱為Busbar或匯流排,通常由銅或鋁製成。與傳統的電纜相比,母排的通流能力更強,佔用空間更小,使得電氣系統的佈局更加緊湊,因此非常適合動力電池包、高壓配電盒等小空間、大電流的應用場景。母排在設計時需考慮:通流能力、壓降、分流、近場輻射、發熱、EMC等因素,這些都可以透過CST模擬,提升正向設計能力。

母排的模型可以從CAD模型直接匯入,或由CST直接創建,如下圖所示。左側為母排輸入in,右側分3路輸出。

This image shows a fluid or electrical flow distribution system with multiple output ports. Red arrows indicate the flow direction, entering from the 'in' port on the left and splitting into 'out1', 'out2', and 'out3' ports on the right. This design could be used to distribute fluid or electrical flow to multiple pathways or devices.

模擬母排的直流壓降,我們選擇CST的Js-solver,輸入電流設定為1500A。

The image shows a 3D model in a simulation software with a dialog box titled 'Edit Current Port' open. The dialog box contains fields for 'Name', 'Folder', 'Current', and 'Phase'. The 'Current' field is set to 1500 A, and the 'Phase' field is set to 0 degrees. There is a checkbox labeled 'Invert current direction' that is checked. The 3D model appears to be a structure with several rectangular components. A color scale on the right indicates values from 0 to 1500. The axes X, Y, and Z are marked in the bottom right corner. The text '公眾號 . CST仿真專家之路' is visible at the bottom of the image.

透過電位分佈(Potential)可以看出,在1500A輸入情況下,母排最大的壓降是0.183V。

A 3D simulation image showing a structure with three vertical bars connected to a horizontal bar at the top. The image includes a color gradient from red to blue, indicating a range of values from 0.183 to -0.2, as shown in the color legend on the right. The structure is enclosed in a transparent box, and there are axis indicators at the bottom right corner. The text '公眾號·CST仿真專家' is present at the bottom of the image.

透過電流密度(Current Density)監視器,可以直覺的看到母排不同路徑的電流密度。 Out1的位置由於路徑最短,因此電流密度最大。

A 3D simulation image showing the distribution of current density (A/m^2) in a structure with three vertical bars and a horizontal top bar. The current density is represented by colored arrows, with colors ranging from green to red, indicating varying magnitudes. The color scale on the right ranges from 4e+06 A/m^2 to 3.33e+07 A/m^2. The image includes a coordinate system in the bottom right corner and text in Chinese at the bottom.

利用Result Templates對電流密度做後處理,就可以得到out1、2、3的分流大小(直流),分別是602A、481A、417A,電流會自動選擇電阻最小的路徑,結果合情合理。

The image shows an icon with four squares and a rightward arrow, labeled 'Result Templates.' This icon is likely part of a software interface, indicating a feature related to templates for displaying results.
A graph titled 'Tables Results' shows three data points along the vertical axis at x=0. The data points are labeled with their respective current densities: face1_Int_Cond_Current_Dens_(Js): 620.3508, face2_Int_Cond_Current_Dens_(Js): 480.68008, and face3_Int_Cond_Current_Dens_(Js): 416.9691. The graph has grid lines and the x-axis ranges from -1 to 1. There is a watermark in the bottom right corner with Chinese text and a WeChat logo.

母排的周圍會產生較強的電磁場,可能會幹擾周圍的感測器、PCB等電子零件,因此對母排做電磁場分佈模擬是非常必要的。接下來我們使用LF-solver,輸入電流1500A,模擬頻率設定為1KHz。

The image shows a screenshot of a software interface, likely CST Studio Suite, used for electromagnetic simulation. The interface includes a 'Define Calculation Frequency' dialog box with options to set the frequency, and buttons labeled 'OK,' 'Cancel,' 'Delete,' and 'Help.' In the background, there is a 3D model of a structure with three labeled lines: '線圈1,' '線圈2,' and '線圈3,' which translates to 'Coil 1,' 'Coil 2,' and 'Coil 3' respectively. The structure appears to be part of an antenna or similar device, with yellow highlighted areas indicating specific regions of interest.

透過模擬可以看到線圈1、2、3位置的磁場強度有較大差異,線圈1的位置最強,線圈3的位置最弱,這是因為母排結構不對稱所導致的。場強的差異又會影響到霍爾電流感測器的偵測結果,線圈1位置的霍爾電流感測器偵測值會明顯偏大。因此在佈置電流的感測器位置時,工程師要考慮周圍磁場強度的影響,並根據磁場分佈結果對母排形狀進行最佳化。

The image shows a vector field plot of the H-field (magnetic field) with arrows indicating the direction and magnitude of the field. The plot includes three labeled sections (線圈1, 線圈2, 線圈3) highlighted in red boxes. The color scale on the right indicates the field strength in A/m, ranging from 0 to 23736. The plot details include frequency (1 THz), phase (0°), cross-section (A), cut plane at (z=1.64747 mm), maximum on plane (plot) (6347.12 A/m), and maximum (solver) (18696 A/m). The bottom right corner shows a 3D coordinate system with axes labeled x, y, and z.
Graph showing the magnetic field strength (A/m) versus length (mm) for three curves. Curve1 (red) peaks at around 35000 A/m, curve2 (green) peaks at around 10000 A/m, and curve3 (blue) peaks at around 5000 A/m. The legend indicates the maximum values: curve1: 27863.278, curve2: 6641.3095, curve3: 4065.9761.

母排在設計時還需要考慮發熱問題,這時CST的EM-Thermal模擬就派上用場了。建立EM-Thermal模擬流程,EM使用Js-solver,Thermal使用CHT求解器。

The image shows two screenshots of software interfaces for creating new simulation projects. The left screenshot is for a project named 'EM1' with a project type of 'Low Frequency' and a solver type of 'Stationary Current'. The right screenshot is for a project named 'Thermal1' with a project type of 'Thermal & Mechanics' and a solver type of 'Conjugate Heat Transfer'. Both interfaces have options to select a reference model for global settings and checkboxes for additional settings.

首先透過Js-solver算出在1500A輸入情況下,母排的Thermal loss是276W。

The image shows a screenshot of a software interface for thermal loss calculation settings. The settings include a default conductivity for PEC surfaces of 5.800000e+07 S/m and indicate that surface losses on boundaries are not considered. The computed thermal loss distribution is detailed, with the filename 'sj_volume_losses.pwr', using the Stationary Current Solver at 0 kHz frequency on a Tet grid. The field type is Dynamic Loss density, the loss type is Electric Volume Loss, and the total loss is 2.759209e+02 W.

接下來使用CHT求解器,在自然散熱的情況下,母排表面最高溫度達到了327度,這說明1500A的電流遠超母排的通流能力,有過熱風險,需要對設計方案進行最佳化。

A thermal simulation image showing a flat, irregularly shaped object with three prongs extending downward. The object is colored in a gradient from green to red, indicating temperature variations. The temperature scale on the right ranges from 25°C to 327°C, with green representing lower temperatures and red representing higher temperatures. The bottom of the prongs is red, indicating the highest temperature, while the top is green, indicating the lowest temperature. The image includes a 3D coordinate axis in the bottom right corner, labeled with X, Y, and Z axes. The text at the bottom right reads '公眾號 · CST仿真專家之路'.
A simulation image showing temperature distribution over four rectangular objects. The background is blue, indicating lower temperatures, while the areas around the objects are colored in shades of red, yellow, and green, indicating higher temperatures. The temperature legend on the left shows the following data: Cross section A, Cutplane at Y -90.318 mm, Maximum on Plane (Plot) 246.688 °C, Minimum on Plane (Plot) 25 °C, Maximum (Solver) 343.97 °C, Minimum (Solver) 24.9965 °C.

原文轉載來自: 周明 – CST电动汽车EMC仿真(十)——电动汽车母排(Busbar)电磁及热仿真

系列文章:

CST電動車EMC模擬(一)——馬達的3D建模
CST電動車EMC模擬(二)——馬達控制器MCU的EMC模擬
CST電動車EMC模擬(三)——初探軸電壓
CST電動車EMC模擬(四)——馬達控制器MCU濾波模擬
CST電動車EMC模擬(五)——解鎖GB/T18387車輛整體RE模擬的密碼(上)
CST電動車EMC模擬(六)——解鎖GB/T18387車輛整體RE模擬的密碼(中)
CST電動車EMC模擬(七)——解鎖GB/T18387車輛整體RE模擬的密碼(下)
CST電動車EMC模擬(八)——動力電池阻抗分析與高低壓耦合模擬
CST電動車EMC模擬(九)——實現車輛整體模型的自動化簡化
CST電動車EMC模擬(十)——電動車母排(Busbar)電磁及熱模擬

看更多其他文章:

CST毫米波雷達模擬(二)
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CST電源濾波電路模擬(三)——柳暗花明又一村

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