A close-up image of an electronic circuit board with intricate copper traces and a central black chip, positioned in front of a black rectangular plastic casing. The circuit board has various components and patterns, indicating it is part of a complex electronic device. The background is a plain surface. The image includes Chinese text at the bottom.

CST 毫米波雷達模擬(一)

在ADAS自動駕駛體系中,毫米波雷達是系統感知層不可或缺的重要元件,它能夠在汽車行駛中回饋距離、高度、角度、速度等資訊。毫米波雷達依據都卜勒效應完成測速,提供發射毫米波長的電磁波並接收回波,讓系統能精準獲得遠方物體二維水平座標資訊。近年來,4D毫米波雷達的應用進一步彌補了傳統毫米波雷達的不足。 4D毫米波雷達採用MIMO陣列天線技術,對目標物體的感知維度和精度實現了雙重提升,可以獲得更為立體精準的四維資料。

毫米波雷達在設計面臨許多技術上的挑戰,包括:雷達感測器設計、雷達整車整合、雷達虛擬測試以及虛擬駕駛模擬等不同維度。

Flowchart by Dassault Systèmes illustrating the four steps in automotive sensor design and testing, featuring a central 3D and VR button icon. The image includes Chinese text at the bottom.

達梭系統Simulia CST具有完整的毫米波雷達模擬解決方案,涵蓋從天線設計到雷達偵測的跨尺度模擬能力,可以幫助天線和雷達設計工程師提高設計效率,並提升產品品質。

Illustration titled 'Automotive Radar Range of Scale' showing radar scales at 77 GHz, from 5λ to >1000λ, with diagrams of automotive radar system stages including Antenna, Antenna + Radome + Bumper, Module Integrated inside Platform, and Range-Doppler-Map/DOA. The image includes Chinese text at the bottom.

首先,我們先從雷達天線設計開始。目前業界採用最多的是微帶型毫米波雷達天線,這種天線直接整合在PCB上,具備體積小、整合度高、生產一致性好、成本低等特點,因此被廣大廠商作為首選。在微帶天線設計時,工程師要花很多時間來調整天線的尺寸,費時費力。透過CST專用的天線庫Antenna Magus ,工程師只需要輸入天線的規格要求,軟體將自動幫您產生3D模型,從而大大提高了天線建模的效率。

Detailed slide on antenna design by Dassault Systèmes, focusing on a series-fed patch array with design specifications, objectives, performance metrics, and comparison tables, branded with AntennaMagus and Dassault Systèmes logos.

完成單獨的天線陣子設計後,就需要考慮陣列設計。 CST具備完整的陣列天線設計流程,使用者可以在Array Factor表格中輸入不同的振幅和相位,直接combine合成陣列波束,進而透過改變參數來改良陣列波束。

Image showing the design and analysis of a series-fed patch array antenna and its array factor. Includes a software interface with an array factor table, a 3D plot of the farfield radiation pattern, an icon labeled 'Array Factor,' a diagram of a series-fed patch array with tapering values, and a detailed 3D plot of the farfield radiation pattern with frequency, directivity, and efficiency parameters.

另外,對於饋電單元的最佳化也非常關鍵。這一步驟需要考慮匹配和串擾問題。透過CST的最佳化工具,使用者可以先在電路圖中對饋電網路進行最佳化,然後自動產生3D模型(如下圖黃色部分),從而極大減少了饋電網路的最佳化時間。

The image shows an antenna design with a real feeding network and a 3D array. The design includes a schematic of the antenna array on the left, a close-up of the feeding network in the center, and a detailed view of the network's layout in the bottom circle. Additionally, there are screenshots of the CST software optimizer settings and goals on the right, indicating the parameters and targets for the antenna design optimization process. The image is labeled with 'ANTENNA DESIGN | REAL FEEDING NETWORK + 3D ARRAY' at the top.

天線的陣子和饋電網路設計完成之後,使用者可以對天線的S參數及遠場性能做評估,符合要求後輸出近場源或遠端源,為下一步的模擬做準備。

The image is titled 'ANTENNA DESIGN | TRANSMITTING ANTENNAS' and shows a 3D model of an antenna with a farfield radiation pattern. The left side includes a 3D visualization of the antenna's radiation pattern with key parameters: Frequency: 77 GHz, Tot. Effic.: -1.620 dB, Gain: 19.74 dBi. The right side displays S-Parameters (Magnitude in dB) with curves for S1,1, S2,1, S1,2, and S2,2, and a polar plot of the farfield radiation pattern. The bottom right corner shows options for exporting near or farfield data. The image is from CST by Dassault Systèmes.

原文轉載來自: 周明 – CST毫米波雷达仿真(一)

看更多其他文章:

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CATIA:創新遊艇設計的現代方式

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